源机器是Oracle ODA一体机，2节点RAC系统，目标机器为单机。Oracle版本为11.2.0.4。
源机器上获取必要的文件
源机器上已经存在RMAN的备份数据，可以查看备份位置
$ rman target /
RMAN> list backup
... 如下信息显示了数据文件备份位置
Piece Name: /backup/rman_full_bak/bak_arc_20220114_p70j7k4b_1_1
... 如下信息显示了SPFILE、Control File是否包含及位置
Piece Name: /u03/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2022_01_14/o1_mf_s_1093914812_jy0qfz6p_.bkp
...
准备数据文件
在目标机器上建立备份数据目录
# mkdir /bak
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /bak
# su - oracle
$ mkdir -p /bak/oradata/orcl
把"/backup/rman_full_bak/"中的数据文件和归档备份文件传输到目标机器
scp /backup/rman_full_bak/bak_*_20220214* oracle@192.168.20.67:/bak/oradata/orcl/
把控制文件传输到目标机器
scp /u03/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2022_02_14/o1_mf_s_1096593101_k0lgygpn_.bkp oracle@192.168.20.67:/bak/oradata/
准备zone文件
缺少zone文件会产生"ORA-01804: failure to initialize timezone information"错误及"ORA-00600"错误
SQL> col name format a30
SQL> col value$ format a10
SQL> select NAME, VALUE$ from SYS.PROPS$ where NAME like 'DST_%_TT_VERSION';
NAME VALUE$
------------------------------ ----------
DST_PRIMARY_TT_VERSION 31
DST_SECONDARY_TT_VERSION 0
$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/oracore/zoneinfo/timez*_31.dat oracle@192.168.20.67:/bak/
在目标服务器上恢复
准备timezone文件
$ cp /bak/timez*.dat $ORACLE_HOME/oracore/zoneinfo/
初始化目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/redo/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump/
初始pfile文件
cat > /bak/oradata/init.orcl.ora << EOF
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/control.orcl.01.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='/u01/app/oracle/redo/'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/'
*.DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE=4G
*.db_unique_name='orcl'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
EOF
启动数据库
# su - oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/bak/oradata/init.orcl.ora';
恢复控制文件
$ rman target /
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/bak/oradata/o1_mf_s_1096593101_k0lgygpn_.bkp';
RMAN> alter database mount;
修改文件路径
有很多文档中提到需要人工处理，实际使用中，貌似Oracle在恢复中可以自己处理并转换。
目前为止系统中是旧的文件路径：
SQL> select name from v$datafile union all select name from v$tempfile union all select member from v$logfile;
恢复数据库
RMAN>
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
catalog start with '/bak/oradata/orcl/';
crosscheck backup;
使用RMAN恢复并重定向文件
RMAN> restore database;
RMAN> recover database;
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 01/15/2022 17:52:00
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 2 with sequence 28494 and starting SCN of 5992769821705
RMAN> recover database until scn=5992769821705;
再次查看文件路径，并确认redo日志路径是否正常
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select name from v$datafile union all select name from v$tempfile union all select member from v$logfile;
启动数据
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/bak/oradata/init.orcl.ora';
SQL> create pfile='/bak/oradata/init.orcl.2.ora' from spfile;
失败重来
rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/*
rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/redo/*
rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/*
rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump/*
reboot